Online Piracy

March 11, 2012 Twitter, Facebook, Google, Wikipedia and many other sites are some of the most common ways people communicate and use as a leg for viral services. Two laws that are being placed into effect will serve as a hinder to users of the internet and also to many of the websites. If they were to be censored or â€Å"taken away† people would be left dangling wondering what next. I will inform my audience about the laws (SOPA AND PIPA), how it will censor sites, which sites may be affected, what sites did to prevent it, and when were they introduced.Also how censorship may cause some sites to shut down completely. The two laws will cause them to lose their viral services, no longer being able to inform users with information. SOPA (stop online piracy) and PIPA (Protect IP Act) are two acts that are going to be used to censor the internet and sites affiliated with it. SOPA is a United States bill introduced to expand the ability of U. S law enforcement to fight online traff icking in copyrighted property and counterfeit goods as stated on local website Wikipedia.According to Wikipedia PIPA is a proposed law with the stated goal of giving the US government and copyright holders’ additional tools to curb access to â€Å"rogue websites dedicated to infringing or counterfeit goods†. These are both acts that are going to serve as a blockage to the internet. SOPA was first introduced on October 26, 2011 and PIPA introduced May 12, 2011 according to Jamal a local writer. Although they were both introduced recently they are both put on hold due to sites petitioning and finding ways to fight against the two.Sites that would be affected by the two acts were sites like Wikipedia, Google, and many other sites that may provide things like music downloads and other information. To fight against the acts some sites went as far as taking online petitions like having there users go as far signing their email addresses and states to help take a stance. Sit es also put a black bar against their logos to show dedication. When asked in a survey that I took â€Å"do you think that the internet should be censored? † 16 out of 20 students said that it shouldn’t the other 4 were undecided.This one question showed just how much students rely on the internet services because if the internet were to be censored they would have no usage of it. Internet sites will shut down due to them not abiding by the standards of the two acts. Sites that the law feel are using more media that is copyrighted and they don’t have permission will be terminated. Which because of this will of course wipe out a majority of the sites that we use. When asked in a survey â€Å"what social networks and websites do you use? And if they weren’t available what would you do? † I received answers like Google, Wikipedia, twitter, and Facebook.People also said that if they weren’t available for use they wouldn’t have a way to do work and maybe not a way to express themselves. Because this would cut into students work this would then become an academic problem which should make law makers think their decisions over. Throughout my paper I discussed what SOPA and PIPA are, what websites were affected and what they did to put a stop to it, and also just who it would affect. These two acts are not yet put into to effect but should be taken noticed to. If SOPA and PIPA were put into effect they may affect not only you but a whole nation.

Mergers and Acquisitions in Australia

A merger is one of the forms of business combination. A merger is the joining together of two or more companies for a common goal (Schencke, 2007). It can be in the form of vertical integration, Horizontal integration or diversification. Consider the case of manufactured food (bread) company: we have the flour  Ã‚   company, the bakery and a butter company.If the bread company acquires the flour company that would be vertical integration; this may be more comprehensive and risky . The management is highly involved because of the procedures involved and consequences too. This is a backward integration because it will be merging with the supply source. It might lead to restricted supply of raw materials hence inflexibility.If the bread company starts producing cakes that would be horizontal integration; this might be considered necessary in order to have a more product line whereby their consumers will now be able to enjoy more quality products from the same company. This will enable a particular bread company deal with its competitors because a variety of commodities will be available to them.The company will also command a more market share because most of its products will dominate the market. High market share determines profitability because the Total sales figure has a factor of units and sales are directly proportional to the profit margin. The particular bread company therefore becomes a market leader and enjoys all the economies of scale. High volumes can be produced at low costs and therefore the company becomes a market leader in the industry. The company can now have efficient pricing policies for the different commodities that it is offering in the market.If the bread company starts producing butter to match with its quality of bread then that would be market diversification; This results in increased market capitalization which is very healthy for a company in the industry. This kind of expanded production line may be risky and uncertain because v ery little is known about that particular product line. This may call for comprehensive research, which might be costly for the holding company. Demand and supply factors of that particular company need to be understood and analyzed keenly to determine the future of such an operation and how relevant it might because this is a complimentary commodity.Merger or an acquisition leads to lack of competitiveness and would have a high Herfindahl index. Industry concentration is also affected. In the case study above, one has reduced players in the industry due to mergers. Therefore we find that there’s no competition due to acquiring of a supply chain, producing related commodities or even engaging in the production of complementary goods. Market diversification results to company being able to control its prices for the different products it has with changing the profit.This shows that market forces do not determine prices and completion is at different levels. Some companies also become market leaders and may decide to lower its prices in the market at the expense of other companies. The fact that a company can acquire a supply chain is harmful because this may limit resources/raw materials to other companies with in the industry or supply at inflated cost. A prices control board should therefore establish to deal with this. Some companies may be forced to quit production and this may lead to monopolies in the industry, which may not be healthy.Motives for mergers include:Synergy; The expected synergy determines the purchase price for the acquiree. Synergy is the combined power of a group of companies when they are working together which is greater than the total power achieved by each working separately. Synergy can be operating synergy or financial synergy. Operating synergy includes economies of scale and economies of scope, by merging firms are able to receive huge discounts due to high volumes of production and this results in high profits, this means high price of shares and high market capitalization.Owning of supply channels means constant supply of raw materials without delays and control over the prices. This indicates low cost of production and increased profits. Being a market leader may result into a monopoly and this means enormous profits. Discounts can be offered to customers and result in high sales due to high volumes. All these work to the advantage of the acquirer. More shareholders due to improved earnings per share lead to more funding and adequate cash flows are available. Synergy can’t be compared to international expansion, which is slow. Merging is with firms already operating and with the required recourses so no lag periods experienced which might hinder the growth and development of a company, which negates the image to the shareholders and other interested parties.There might be need to expand to another geographical location. The acquiring firm will look for firms in operation at that location to merge with in order to fasten the catch period which normally due to lack of knowledge of business operations at that particular area and business smartness required. Horizontal integration in this case will be necessary. This might be after researching and identifying a possible business location. Suppliers will also be considered in this case. Financial synergy is however more questionable due to the uncertainty of business operations.Merging may be for the need to grow and develop. This can be internal or external.. Internal growth can be slow and uncertain because the company doesn’t have past business experience on a particular field. Outside expansion leads to diversification and market capitalization is improved. Growth of a company in the industry tracts more shareholders to the company and therefore funds for financing business operations are adequate. This leads to market leading and high volumes are sold bringing about high profit margin.Merging may be due to the p ride of the management team of the bidder company. The management may want to associated with all players in the country that are performing better. This will be a way for the management to market itself and therefore the same directors can be restored at the next annual general meeting. The management might have been watching the firm to be acquired and may have an idea of corrections to be made in order to increase perfection.They may w ant to acquire a firm that is just about due to liquidity issues, restore its operations and hence cash flows. They therefore be associated with the recovery of the dieing company and hence improve their employment opportunities with other companies. They may also look for promotions and being part of the recovery team may a good ground for such. They management may also want to part of the management of a market leader in the company and this calls for all necessary strategies possible including mergers and acquisitions(Schlossberg, 2007).Horizont al integration whereby a company starts producing related products leads to increased market share due to increased sales out of the high volumes of sales. This may result in very radical transactions, which might be risky. In business yield comes together with risk taking. Vertical integration in this case is considered most because its more risky but the gains might be more than the costs. Diversification into another line of production may be a motivating factor.The company may have identified another variety of related products, which might be profitable and may want to be part of that industry. Therefore the best way to go may be the merger in order to pump in capital into the other company, which is facing liquidity issues, and hence have a major share of the profits. Horizontal integration is always considered best because it involves dealing with the same kind of business, which has a better track record (Schlossberg, 2007).In Australia the following steps are necessary in m erging:Research should be first done to determine possible candidate. This needs the help of experts in the research work so that all necessary data and information is available to the management of the acquiring firmThe motive to merge should be first understood and the angle to be taken determined. Synergy should be well understood and illustrated.Evaluation should be done on the acquiring firm. The firms’ business strategy should be understood in order to determine the degree of compatibility and the other aspects of business mergers. This also helps in justifying the acquisition.Immediately after the merger, Profits go down first due to the expenses incurred in research and implementation costs. Diversifications are normally expensive and gains can’t be realized immediately. Profits are normally derived at by; Sales-cost of goods sold –expenses. The cost of goods sold=opening stock + purchases-closing stock. High cost of goods immediately after the merger ca n be due to high opening stock, high purchases and low closing stock. This will therefore result in low profits.In the long run profits are supposed to increase due to;Economies of scale and scope, due to merging with supply and distribution channels, discounts will be given to the entity and this results to low operational costs. Large volume sales enable customers to get discounts and volume of sales is increased. This other unnecessary costs are avoided leading to maximization of profits.Diversification to another line of business; this means exploring of virgin grounds and operation benefits are taken advantage of. This means that sources of gained are increased and the total volume of profits is increased.Increase in market value; High market value is due to being a market leader and commands a greater share of the demand in the market. High volumes are sold and the sales figure is high. Sales are considered to be directly related to the profit volumes.The risk taken at first y ields benefits; Diversification may be risky therefore benefits may not be realized fast. Benefits can only after recovery and it will be to the enforceable future.Geographical advantages are realized. The merged entity need time to get used to the business environment and therefore gains take time to be realized (Bruner, 2007).Merging is better than internal expansion. Merging may be a little bit fast to pick up because acquired firms have existing resources and personnel. This reduces time spend in staff professional development and growth.A troubled company needs to merge as near bankruptcy workout situation. This helps in maximizing the value of the company where such companies are considered to be damaged goods. Shareholders, Board of Directors and the managers leave for firms specializing in a workout that is salvaging the value that was assumed to be left in them.Liquidations can’t be left behind. The use of highly leveraged transactions (HLT) expanded the profile of f inancially troubled companies (Schlossberg, 2007). Financially troubled companies are businesses that were leveraged and unable meet their debt service burden but still separate acceptable or even optimal operating cash flows given their internal resources and market opportunities.PublicityA demerger is expected when competitors start taking advantage of slow growth and development and they may take advantage of opportunities created by merged entity. This is because the competitors have been having existing offices, management and resources supply. Diseconomies of scale and scope start occurring and therefore the operations may not be profitable and a demerger may be considered. The company may at times consider internal expansion to be worth while and may start investing in such hence the merger becomes irrelevant (Bruner, 2007).The expansion to another geographical areas may prove to be unprofitable and thus the firm may consider demerging and concentrating in its primary busines s operations. The external growth may start being costly and the acquiring company decides to sale its share of the acquired company. The pride of management may be at some cost to the company and the shareholders may decide to demerge. The diversification to another line of production may prove to be extremely costly to the company and a demerger may be asked for so that focus can be on the basic profit gaining activity/business.Both the acquirer and acquiree benefit. The acquiree is funded and its liquidity position is revised and merging is normally a workout for near bankruptcy situations (Gaughan, 2004). The acquirer is also in a position to enjoy; economies of scale and production, advantage of geographical expansion, this is an external growth that cant be compared to the slow internal growth with uncertainties, management pride is improved, market share is improved and they move into a business that they have clear track record. ACCC is an independent authority of the Govern ment of Australia established in 1995 with the amalgamation of the Australian Trade practices Commission and the Prices Surveillance authority to administer the trade practices Act 1974 (Cth)It’s meant to protect Consumer rights, business rights and obligations, perform Industry regulation and price monitoring and prevent illegal anti Competitive behavior (Schencke, 2007).The more of the following criteria a troubled company meets the more marketable it will be to the acquiring company:Is it a manufacturing rather than a distribution operation. Acquiring a manufacturing company will be horizontal integration and will be more profitable to the entity (Robinson, Tranter, Loughran 2007). This kind of synergy results to taking advantages of economies of scale, diversifying into other lines of production, increased market value, expanding to another geographical location and this will be better than internal expansion. Merging with a distribution company will be a vertical forward integration and may be very risky with uncertainties due to lack of a clean track record.Fills a unique product niche rather than produces a commodity item.Has a well-known brand or trademark that is undamaged by its current situation.Sustains a strong defensible market share. A company with a strong market share means that its quite stable and will be profitable to merge with. This will also improve the whole entity’s image and then the share price improves in the stock market.Has a well-maintained machinery and equipment. These are tools of production and this indicates indefinite operation of the company into the future. Such a company is not risky to deal with and may result into huge future losses. Hence the idea of merging may not be necessary.Ernest & Young (2006) pg20In conclusion, mergers and acquisitions should be considered in the company’s research and development. It involves a lot of research that collects data and information in order to evaluate worth candidates for merging. The long-term objectives should be increasing the company’s market share within the industry, making use of economies of scale available and being a market leader.Mergers resulting in long term losses should be avoided because this won’t lead to growth and development of the company. Mergers also determine the structure of an industry because they lead to a decreased number of market players in the industry. This leads to high concentration and competition is reduced. Monopolies may be formed and this may not be healthy to the industry as a whole. Price control bodies need to be in place to control the dominance of the market by a particular holding company.References:Ernest & Young, Ernest & Young LLP. (2007). Back to Basic Techniques onMergers & Acquisitions (Pg 19-23). Wiley PublicationsGuy M. Robinson, Pal. J. Tranter, Robert Loughran. (2007). Economy Society &Environment. Oxford University PressHans Schencke. (2007). Accounting for Mergers & Acquisitions in Europe. IBFDMichael A. Hit, Jeffrey J. Harrison. R Duane. (2007). A Guide to creating value forStakeholders. Oxford University PressPatrick A. Gaughan. (2004). Merger, Acquisitions and Corporate Restructuring.Wiley PublicationsRobert F.Bruner. (2007). Applied Mergers and Acquisitions. Wiley PublicationsRobert S. Schlossberg. (2007). Understanding the Antitrust Issues. American BarAssociation.

Why I Didn t Free And No Longer A Slave - 1649 Words

When Mary came to England she was legally free and no longer a slave. Having no friends and no means of procuring a living, she was forced to remain with her master, still working as a slave, though he repeatedly tried to kick her out on the street. Until she found a branch of the Moravian church which educated and married her in Antigua where she found kind people who took her in and cared for her when she was bed bound from rheumatism. They then introduced her to the Anti-Slavery Society who not only championed her cause for freedom from her master so she could return to her husband in Antigua, but also sometimes supported her financially when she couldn t find work. I would rather work for my living than get it for nothing. They were very good to give me a supply, but I felt shame at being obliged to apply for relief whilst I had strength to work. At last I went into the service of Mr. and Mrs. Pringle, where I have been ever since, and am as comfortable as I can be while separated from my dear husband, and away from my own country and all old friends and connections. At this time Mary was approximately 40 years old and despite the Pringle s support, Mary s master wouldn t grant her freedom even with many offerings of money. As she had no one to refer to for a character in this country except himself, he doubtless calculated securely on her being speedily driven back, as soon as the slender fund she had in her possession was expended, to throw herselfShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Was A Huge Period Of Change From 1775-17831366 Words   |  6 Pagesreevolution didn t change anything. America would not be the America it is today if the revolution didn’t change the style of government. America would be a country ran by a king if it weren t for revolutionary change of government. 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Today’S Lesson Will Be.... . The Class Takes Their Seats,

Today’s Lesson will be... The class takes their seats, shuffling slightly as they turn to the board, pulling paper from their bags and poising pencils. Their teacher greets them with a brittle smile, silently takes account who is present and turns his back to the class to write. The girl with perky pigtails and a scattering of freckles takes the liberty of writing down what she knows from the book of Genesis, internally smiling because she has already been taught this lesson. God created the universe in six days, taking the seventh day to rest after he created Adam and Eve. While she writes her swinging feet nudge the dark haired boy next to her who also knows all about today’s science lesson, after all his dad is a physics†¦show more content†¦Badertsher and Ginsburg urge that there must be an alternative taught alongside the evolutionary theory, and that alternative should be the theory of creationism. The pair plunge right into explaining creationism to the reader, not wasting time on much else. Rich and Donnelly opt to ease into the theory of evolution, rather than sparking up their discussion with a direct explanation they choose to explain what a theory is by definition. They state that it is essential to understand that a theory must be tested, and adequately explain what is known and unknown. This trend is carried consistently through the two argument, and as an unbiased reader I thought that Badertsher and Ginsburg would have had a more influential view, but that did not seem to be the case. In my opinion Badertsher/Ginsburg leave a lot open to question: they do not elaborate on what Intelligent Design is, they do not seem to really address to science behind the Creationism Theory (which there is an array of things). 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Nelson Mandela s Rights Of Human Rights - 2009 Words

Nelson Mandela once said, â€Å"To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.† Human rights are the rights that are given to every individual without discrimination or exception. Simply because a person is in existence on this earth, they deserve certain rights without question. Some of these rights include freedom to believe what you want to believe, freedom to express yourself in whatever way you choose, and freedom to move freely in and around your world. Unfortunately, although most everyone agrees that these rights should be given to all individuals, all throughout history there have been occurrences where these rights have not been granted or have been stripped away from groups of people, each of these occurrences being an instance of inhumanity and cruelty. One period of history that was a devastating instance of this inhumanity is, of course, the Holocaust. People were stripped of their identities and made slaves, if not killed, for simply being who they were. At the root of it all was the idea that the victims were not human. The Nazis stripped them of their humanity in every way possible and then stripped them of their lives. While there is not a Holocaust taking place today, there are many issues in today’s world that mirror similar ideas of inhumanity. Jews in the Holocaust were seen as less than human and were deprived their right to life. There are others today experiencing the same. One current human rights issue that isShow MoreRelatedNelson Mandela s Influence On Human Rights945 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela is a world renowned activist that was imprisoned for twenty seven years in a South African prison, because of a system of racism known as â€Å"apartheid† which discriminated against blacks living in South Africa at the time. 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Banking Industry Analysis Essay Example For Students

Banking Industry Analysis Essay Graham MavarMgmt. 415 Sec 6Industry Analysis: BankingThe banking industry has come under increasing pessimism of late because of rising short and long-term interest rates. The banking industrys market capitalization made a substantial decline. Most investors are concerned with whether the industry can sustain continued profitability as a result of these factors. Banks have responded in recent years to these problems by diversifying away from interest sensitive products and services. But interest rates are the fundamental aspect of any financial services. Therefore, I believe the financial services industry will be deeply affected by rising interest rates. Banks have experienced good business factors over the past two years. Interest rates were low, credit quality was good, and inflation was low. These factors are usually predictive of the types of earnings banks should report. But good times cant continue because interest rate hikes cause reduced lending activity, damaged credit quality, and reduced values of bond portfolios. Porters Five Forces Analysis:1. Rivalry among competing sellers:The banking industry is continuing to restructure and position itself for our changing economy as a result, many mega-mergers have occurred in recent years. Citicorp and Travelers Insurance agreed to merge in April 1998 at a value of $70 billion. Bank of America and Nations Bank also agreed to merge shortly afterwards which became the largest bank in the United States. Bank mergers are usually consummated as a cost-cutting measure but also to compete with non-bank providers of financial services. Bank rivalries are very strong, and as weve seen many of the largest banks are merging to increase their power. In fact, Charlotte, NC is practically owned by Bank of America and First Union. 2. Potential entry of new competitors:There is virtually no chance of a new entrant significantly affecting the major banks market share. The only place that new entrants may have a chance in the industry is through Internet banking, because of its low cost. 3. Firms offering substitute products:This is not really an issue within the banking industry, because there arent really any legal alternatives, except buying a safe and borrowing from a loan shark4. Competitive pressures stemming from supplier and buyer bargaining power:I grouped these two categories together because in the banking industry the buyers are the suppliers and vice versa, so I might as well just discuss the situation as a whole. Interest rates are the single most important aspect of bank profitability they are the bargaining power. Most bank profits are derived from net interest income. This is interest income received on loans minus interest expense for borrowed funds. Interest rates determine the amount of money a bank can earn. Another measure is a banks net interest margin which is a banks net interest income divided by its average earning assets. This is a common measure of a banks ability to squeeze profits from its loans. When interest rates fall, they have a positive effect on a bank. First, net interest margin can expand. Second, the value of a banks fixed rate of investment portfolio is enhanced by declining rates, since a bond with a higher stated interest rate becomes more valuable as prevailing rates drop. Third, falling rates lower the cost of credit, which stimulates loan demand and reduces delinquency rates. Opportunities: 1. Because of the increasing amount of technology Internet banking will begin to replace traditional banking, thus cutting personnel costs. 2. Incorporating investment banking into the banking industry, as some major companies are doing, lets the bank increase profits and promote economic growth while improving company image. Threats:1. An increase in interest rates causing a decline in bank activity. .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .postImageUrl , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:hover , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:visited , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:active { border:0!important; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:active , .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3 .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a4993e942b5592c173247ec8b65a3e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Georg Cantor Essay2. A collapse of the Fed leading to bank failures, a repeat of the crash of 1929. 3. A decline in the US economy leading to a fall in the value of the dollar, thus causing an instable economy. From there the US banking system would be less secure in terms of dollar values that many people would move their money overseas into a more stable economic situation. Similar to the situation in many South American countries. (a little far-fetched, but possible)Key Success Factors:? Capability to use the internet for banking, investing, and general e-commerce? Size of company, name recognition, innovative local marketing? Best rates (loans, checking, savings, etc.) ? The capability to have the fastest and simplest banking through design, innovation, and locationBusiness Reports

There Is No Doubt That The Death Of Francisco Franco, Dictator Of Spai

There is no doubt that the death of Francisco Franco, Dictator of Spain for thirty-nine years, was a great watershed in Spanish history. From 1939 to 1975 Francos regime controlled religion, the media, education, the working and even the private lives of Spanish citizens. His death undoubtedly paved the way for the commencement of a transition to democracy. But in order to fully analyse this transition, and the extent to which it was one of compromise, we must examine both the years following his death and the gradual evolution of Spanish society in the years preceding 1975. V?ctor M. P?rez-D?az argues that the gradual emergence of liberal democratic traditions of institutions and values in civil society preceded, and prepared the way for, the political transition of the 1970s (The Return of Civil Society, p.3). The main cause of this shift towards liberal democratic traditions originated from a decision of the regime itself. After years of being an insular society which attempted to achieve self-sufficiency, Franco, under immense pressure from the Opus Dei, opened up the Spanish borders to the international markets. He did not foresee the far-reaching consequences this move would have. Foreign capital poured into the country creating the economic miracle of the 1960s. This allowed Spain to develop industry and services and to rush through a pattern set by many countries before it. Agricultural labourers became industrial workers. The workforce as a whole became more urbanised and they enjoyed a higher standard of living. Education in both rural and urba n areas improved and agriculture was modernised. While many Spaniards immigrated to other European countries, Spain experienced a massive influx of tourists. Foreign culture and democratic ideas began influencing the people of Spain and they gradually began to adopt the liberal thinking of their European counterparts. All of this took place within the framework of a military dictatorship. That the totalitarian regime allowed this change to occur was the first compromise of the transition. It was the beginning of the decline in Francos power over society. In his final years Franco began to prepare for the inevitability of his death. He wished to ensure the survival of Fascism and named Luis Carrero Blanco as Prime Minister and the man who would guarantee continuismo. The assassination of Carrero by ETA terrorists in 1973 was undoubtedly a key factor in the emergence of Spain as a democracy. However Franco remained confident that his regime would endure. This was in part due to Juan Carlos who had taken over from Franco when he became too ill to rule the country. Franco had supervised the education of Juan Carlos as a young prince and Juan Carlos has pledged in a television ceremony to support Francos political principals. Franco could be forgiven for believing that everything was safely tied down (atado y bien atado). However, following Francos death there was widespread uncertainty as to the direction which Spanish politics would now take. The Francoist institutions remained, but it was unclear how long they would last. The government, under the control of Carlos Arias Navarro, failed in its attempts to introduce reform and Navarro resigned shortly afterwards. Adolfo Su?rez Gonz?lez then took over the reigns. Su?rez was only forty-three at the time and had worked in different capacities for the regime all his life. He seemed to stand for everything that went against the spirit of the time. A newspaper article published at the time of his nomination summed up the reaction of the public; ?Qu? error! ?Qu? inmenso error! (Los Nuevos Espa?oles, p.50) But Su?rez emerged as a politician of incredible skill and realism. He knew that if a transition were to take place, it had to be within the boundaries of Francoist legality. This is the essential compromise of the Spanish transition. Instead of attempting to make a clean break from the existing regime, Su?rez began a painstaking process of reform within the Constitution of 1936. This move was an attempt to ensure that the army would not get involved as, after many years of being seen as the guardians of the Francoist regime and its Leyes Fundamentales (Constitution), it was feared they would step in if these were threatened. In his efforts at reform, Su?rez proposed the